test2

2:24 - Chinna Ponnu

01 - Party On My Mind

min

The beginnings of the personal computer industry

IBM 610

The IBM 610 was designed between 1948 and 1957 by John Lentz at the Watson Lab at Columbia University as the Personal Automatic Computer (PAC) and announced by IBM as the 610 Auto-Point in 1957. The IBM 610 is according to Columbia University, the first personal computer because it was the first programmable computer intended for use by one person (e.g. in an office) and controlled from a keyboard. Although it was faulted for its speed, the IBM 610 handled floating-point arithmetic naturally. With a price tag of $55,000, only 180 units were produced.^[13]

Simon

Simon was first mentioned in a 1949 book entitled, "Giant Brains, or Machines That Think" by American computer scientist Edmund Berkeley. This machine could demonstrate binary arithmetic on two-bit binary numbers. Berkeley went on to publish plans to build Simon in a series of Radio-Electronics issues in 1950 and 1951.^[14] Although conceived by Berkeley, William A. Porter and two Columbia University graduate students of electrical engineering, Robert A. Jensen and Andrew Vall built the machine. Simon possessed many attributes of a personal computer, including the ability to perform addition, negation, greater than, and selection.^[15] Moreover, it was considered at the time affordable, costing $600 in 1959.^[14]

Olivetti Programma 101

The Programma 101 was Olivetti's first commercially produced "desktop computer",^[16][17] presented at the 1965 New York World's Fair. Over 44,000 units were sold worldwide; in the US its cost at launch was $3,200. The Programma 101 had many of the features incorporated in modern personal computers, such as memory, keyboard, printing unit, magnetic card reader/recorder, control and arithmetic unit^[18] and is considered by many as the first commercially produced desktop computer, showing the world that it was possible to create a desktop computer^[19] (HP later copied the Programma 101 architecture for its HP9100 series).^[20] .^[21]

MIR

The Soviet MIR series of computers was developed from 1965 to 1969 in a group headed by Victor Glushkov. It was designed as a relatively small-scale computer for use in engineering and scientific applications and contained a hardware implementation of a high-level programming language. Another innovative feature for that time was the user interface combining a keyboard with a monitor and light pen for correcting texts and drawing on screen.^[22]

Kenbak-1

The Kenbak-1 is considered by the Computer History Museum to be the world's first personal computer. It was designed and invented by John Blankenbaker of Kenbak Corporation in 1970, and was first sold in early 1971. Unlike a modern personal computer, the Kenbak-1 was built of small-scale integrated circuits, and did not use a microprocessor. The system first sold for US$750. Only around 40 machines were ever built and sold. In 1973, production of the Kenbak-1 stopped as Kenbak Corporation folded.
With only 256 bytes of memory, an 8-bit word size, and input and output restricted to lights and switches, the Kenbak-1 was most useful for learning the principles of programming but not capable of running application programs.

Datapoint 2200

A programmable terminal called the Datapoint 2200 is the earliest known device that bears some significant resemblance to the modern personal computer, with a screen, keyboard, and program storage.^[23] It was made by CTC (now known as Datapoint) in 1970 and was a complete system in a small case bearing the approximate footprint of an IBM Selectric typewriter. The system's CPU was constructed from a variety of discrete components, although the company had commissioned Intel to develop a single-chip processing unit; there was a falling out between CTC and Intel, and the chip Intel had developed wasn't used. Intel soon released a modified version of that chip as the Intel 8008, the world's first 8-bit microprocessor.^[24] The needs and requirements of the Datapoint 2200 therefore determined the nature of the 8008, upon which all successive processors used in IBM-compatible PCs were based. Additionally, the design of the Datapoint 2200's multi-chip CPU and the final design of the Intel 8008 were so similar that the two are largely software-compatible; therefore, the Datapoint 2200, from a practical perspective, can be regarded as if it were indeed powered by an 8008, which makes it a strong candidate for the title of "first microcomputer" as well.

Micral N

Steven Paul Jobs (/ˈdʒɒbz/; February 24, 1955 – October 5, 2011)^[5][6] was an American entrepreneur.^[7] He is best known as the co-founder, chairman, and CEO of Apple Inc. Through Apple, he was widely recognized as a charismatic pioneer of the personal computer revolution^[8][9] and for his influential career in the computer and consumer electronics fields. Jobs also co-founded and served as chief executive of Pixar Animation Studios; he became a member of the board of directors of The Walt Disney Company in 2006, when Disney acquired Pixar.
In the late 1970s, Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak engineered one of the first commercially successful lines of personal computers, the Apple II series. Jobs was among the first to see the commercial potential of Xerox PARC's mouse-driven graphical user interface, which led to the creation of the Apple Lisa and, one year later, the Macintosh. He also played a role in introducing the LaserWriter, one of the first widely available laser printers, to the market.^[10]
After a power struggle with the board of directors in 1985, Jobs left Apple and founded NeXT, a computer platform development company specializing in the higher-education and business markets. In 1986, he acquired the computer graphics division of Lucasfilm, which was spun off as Pixar.^[11] He was credited in Toy Story (1995) as an executive



2. Raa Chilaka